Showing posts with label languages. Show all posts
Showing posts with label languages. Show all posts

Sunday, 26 June 2011

Persian Words in Classical Malay

Assalaamu'alaikum wa Rahmatullah!


Pic: Mimbar Kata


As far as I know from our Malay language lessons during A-Level, the language had absorbed around 300 plus words from Parsi. These are few of the loanwords in Malay from Parsi... 

Agar-agar اگراگر Jelly
Ustad استاد Teacher
Baju باجو Shirt
Bius بيوس Morphined
Bandar بندر City
Bau باو Smell
Piala پياله Trophy, Cup
Tembakau تمباکاو Tobacco

Taman تامن Garden
Dewan ديوان Hall
Domba دومبا Sheep
Serunai سرونای Flute
Sarban سربن Turban
Sudah سوده Already
Sodagar سوداگر Merchant
Shah bandar شاه بندر Town Supervisor

Istana إستانه Palace
Anggur انگور Grape, Vine
Kecil کچيل Small
Goni گوني Sack
Firman فرمان To say
Kinari کناري Canary
Kismis کسميس Raisin
Kurma کرمه Dates

Langgar لنگر Kitchen
Jam جم Clock
Pahlavan پلاوان Warrior
Bedebah بردبه Wicked Person
Takhta تخت Throne
Haram Zadeh حرم ژده Bastard
Tamasya تماشه Celebration
Kawin کهوين Marriage
Medan میدان Court 

Pelita پلیته Lamp
Babu بابو Sir
Daftar دفتر Register
Panjara پنجره Jail
Cara چاره Way
Arah آره Direction
Lengan لنگن Wrist
Kuno کونا Ancient


I am not sure about the spelling in Arabic script or its sound. But these are recorded loan-words from Classical Malay. Some of them, we still use in our daily speech like haram zadeh, haha. Few others, I do not include them because they sound like Sanskrit and to avoid confusion. I am more familiar with Sanskrit compared to Persian. Some of the words might also have Middle Persian origin.  

Sealed with prayers for peace, mercy, and love for brethren in faith, amin!

Monday, 13 December 2010

Languages of Persian Empire

Salom!

I had read something that ancient Persia was quite an empire. Of course Persian empire is not like present day Iran, but Iran is apart of Persian empire.

What I had found out is that, there are many different Persian languages. Such as:

1) Zazaki, Kurmanji, and Surani (Kurdish)
2) Pushto (Afghan)
3) Balochi (Pakistan)
4) Farsi (Iran)
5) Pallavi (Middle Persian)
6) Ancient Persian
7) Avestan (used in Zoroastrian scirpture)
8) Dari

Here is a list of Proto Persian vocabulary. I personally could see that there are 'some' similarities with Vedic Sanskrit which is the ritual language of India. 

Might be same word but with different contextual meaning and pronunciation. The red words are those words that sound almost the same like Sanskrit but they are not Sanskrit.

Ashva - horse  
Kaama - benefit (sanskrit: pleasure, something to do with love making) 
Daiva - demon (sanskrit: deva, somekind of angel or holy beings)
Drayah - sea
 
Hasta - hand 
Bhratr - brother 
Bhuumii - earth
Martya - person
 
Maaha - moon (sanskrit, maasa: in the calender)  
Vaasra - spring (sanskrit: day) 
Stuupaa - stop, stand (sanskrit: hill, chandi or a place to worship ancestor)
Druj -lie

Well, Iranians are quite proud people. I am not going to put many things without reference. This is for myself not for academic reference. 

I had seen one of a couple from Iran when we are in a translation workshop hosted by one of our English and grammar lecturer. They don't even consider computer as the product of their civilization because it is not produced there, so they can not translate the word into Farsi. 

It seems quite serious when they argue about this fussy word with a French translator and interpreter for Russian.